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Physiol. Rev. 79: 1089-1125, 1999;
0031-9333/99 $15.00
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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1999, pp. 1089-1125
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society

Measurement of Intracellular Calcium

Akiyuki Takahashi, Patricia Camacho, James D. Lechleiter, and Brian Herman

Departments of Cellular and Structural Biology and of Physiology, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Takahashi, Akiyuki, Patricia Camacho, James D. Lechleiter, and Brian Herman. Measurement of Intracellular Calcium. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1089-1125, 1999. To a certain extent, all cellular, physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in cells are accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing the measurement of such ion activities has contributed substantially to our understanding of normal and abnormal cellular function. Digital video microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and more recently multiphoton microscopy have allowed the precise spatial analysis of intracellular ion activity at the subcellular level in addition to measurement of its concentration. It is well known that Ca2+ regulates numerous physiological cellular phenomena as a second messenger as well as triggering pathological events such as cell injury and death. A number of methods have been developed to measure intracellular Ca2+. In this review, we summarize the advantages and pitfalls of a variety of Ca2+ indicators used in both optical and nonoptical techniques employed for measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration.






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