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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 2, April 2000, pp. 681-715
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
Geers, Cornelia and
Gerolf Gros.
Carbon Dioxide Transport and Carbonic Anhydrase in Blood and
Muscle. Physiol. Rev. 80: 681-715, 2000.
CO2
produced within skeletal muscle has to leave the body finally via
ventilation by the lung. To get there, CO2 diffuses from
the intracellular space into the convective transport medium blood with
the two compartments, plasma and erythrocytes. Within the body,
CO2 is transported in three different forms: physically dissolved, as HCO3
, or as carbamate. The relative
contribution of these three forms to overall transport is changing
along this elimination pathway. Thus the kinetics of the interchange
have to be considered. Carbonic anhydrase accelerates the
hydration/dehydration reaction between CO2,
HCO3, and H+. In skeletal muscle, various
isozymes of carbonic anhydrase are localized within erythocytes but are
also bound to the capillary wall, thus accessible to plasma; bound to
the sarcolemma, thus producing catalytic activity within the
interstitial space; and associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In
some fiber types, carbonic anhydrase is also present in the sarcoplasm.
In exercising skeletal muscle, lactic acid contributes huge amounts of
H+ and by these affects the relative contribution of the
three forms of CO2. With a theoretical model, the complex
interdependence of reactions and transport processes involved in
CO2 exchange was analyzed.
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