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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 82, No. 4, October 2002, pp. 893-922; 10.1152/physrev.00013.2002.
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
Fill, Michael and
Julio A. Copello.
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. Physiol. Rev. 82: 893-922, 2002.
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are a
family of Ca2+ release channels found on intracellular
Ca2+ storage/release organelles. The RyR channels are
ubiquitously expressed in many types of cells and participate in a
variety of important Ca2+ signaling phenomena
(neurotransmission, secretion, etc.). In striated muscle, the RyR
channels represent the primary pathway for Ca2+ release
during the excitation-contraction coupling process. In general, the
signals that activate the RyR channels are known (e.g., sarcolemmal
Ca2+ influx or depolarization), but the specific mechanisms
involved are still being debated. The signals that modulate and/or turn off the RyR channels remain ambiguous and the mechanisms involved unclear. Over the last decade, studies of RyR-mediated
Ca2+ release have taken many forms and have steadily
advanced our knowledge. This robust field, however, is not without
controversial ideas and contradictory results. Controversies
surrounding the complex Ca2+ regulation of single RyR
channels receive particular attention here. In addition, a large body
of information is synthesized into a focused perspective of single RyR
channel function. The present status of the single RyR channel field
and its likely future directions are also discussed.
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