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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 83, No. 1, January 2003, pp. 25-58; 10.1152/physrev.00019.2002.
Copyright ©2003 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Campfield, L. Arthur and
Françoise J. Smith.
Blood Glucose Dynamics and Control of Meal Initiation: A
Pattern Detection and Recognition Theory. Physiol. Rev. 83: 25-58, 2003.
A new framework for understanding the
control of feeding behavior, with special emphasis on the evolution of
hunger, the initiation of feeding, and its dependence on patterns of
blood glucose, is the subject of this review. A perspective on the
current status and future directions of this search for a more complete
understanding of the regulation of feeding behavior in laboratory rats
and humans is presented including theoretical and experimental
components. First, a historical perspective on the role of blood
glucose in the control of feeding is presented. Next, the theoretical
approaches that have been applied to the control of feeding and had a
strong influence on experimental feeding research are summarized. This is followed by a statement and overview of a current theory that has
emerged from studies of the role of transient declines in blood glucose
in the control of meal initiation. The current working hypothesis that
transient declines in blood glucose are endogenous metabolic patterns
that are detected and recognized by the central nervous system and are
mapped into meal initiation in rats and are correlated with meal
requests in humans are then presented. Then, the experimental studies
on meal initiation and its dependence on patterns of blood glucose,
first in rats and then in humans, are reviewed in detail. Finally, the
future directions of the work, limitations, and the implications for
the understanding of the control of feeding behavior and the regulation
of energy balance are discussed.
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