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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 83, No. 1, January 2003, pp. 253-307; 10.1152/physrev.00020.2002.
Copyright ©2003 by the American Physiological Society
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; and Medical Policlinic, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Pavenstädt, Hermann,
Wilhelm Kriz, and
Matthias Kretzler.
Cell Biology of the Glomerular Podocyte. Physiol. Rev. 83: 253-307, 2003.
Glomerular
podocytes are highly specialized cells with a complex cytoarchitecture.
Their most prominent features are interdigitated foot processes with
filtration slits in between. These are bridged by the slit diaphragm,
which plays a major role in establishing the selective permeability of
the glomerular filtration barrier. Injury to podocytes leads to
proteinuria, a hallmark of most glomerular diseases. New technical
approaches have led to a considerable increase in our understanding of
podocyte biology including protein inventory, composition and
arrangement of the cytoskeleton, receptor equipment, and signaling
pathways involved in the control of ultrafiltration. Moreover,
disturbances of podocyte architecture resulting in the retraction of
foot processes and proteinuria appear to be a common theme in the
progression of acquired glomerular disease. In hereditary nephrotic
syndromes identified over the last 2 years, all mutated gene products
were localized in podocytes. This review integrates our recent
physiological and molecular understanding of the role of podocytes
during the maintenance and failure of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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