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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 83, No. 2, April 2003, pp. 417-432; 10.1152/physrev.00030.2002.
Copyright ©2003 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Membrane and Ultrastructure Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
Rottem, Shlomo
Interaction of Mycoplasmas With Host Cells. Physiol. Rev. 83: 417-432, 2003.
-The mycoplasmas form a large group of
prokaryotic microorganisms with over 190 species distinguished from
ordinary bacteria by their small size, minute genome, and total lack of
a cell wall. Owing to their limited biosynthetic capabilities, most
mycoplasmas are parasites exhibiting strict host and tissue
specificities. The aim of this review is to collate present knowledge
on the strategies employed by mycoplasmas while interacting with their host eukaryotic cells. Prominant among these strategies is the adherence of mycoplasma to host cells, identifying the mycoplasmal adhesins as well as the mammalian membrane receptors; the invasion of
mycoplasmas into host cells including studies on the role of mycoplasmal surface molecules and signaling mechanisms in the invasion;
the fusion of mycoplasmas with host cells, a novel process that raises
intriguing questions of how microinjection of mycoplasma components
into eukaryotic cells subvert and damage the host cells. The
observations of diverse interactions of mycoplasmas with cells of the
immune system and their immunomodulatory effects and the discovery of
genetic systems that enable mycoplasmas to rapidly change their surface
antigenic composition have been important developments in mycoplasma
research over the past decade, showing that mycoplasmas possess an
impressive capability of maintaining a dynamic surface architecture
that is antigenically and functionally versatile, contributing to the
capability of the mycoplasmas to adapt to a large range of habitats and
cause diseases that are often chronic in nature.
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