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Physiol. Rev. 84: 1229-1262, 2004; doi:10.1152/physrev.00001.2004
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Cell Adhesion, Polarity, and Epithelia in the Dawn of Metazoans

M. Cereijido, R. G. Contreras and L. Shoshani

Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), México, Mexico

Transporting epithelia posed formidable conundrums right from the moment that Du Bois Raymond discovered their asymmetric behavior, a century and a half ago. It took a century and a half to start unraveling the mechanisms of occluding junctions and polarity, but we now face another puzzle: lest its cells died in minutes, the first high metazoa (i.e., higher than a sponge) needed a transporting epithelium, but a transporting epithelium is an incredibly improbable combination of occluding junctions and cell polarity. How could these coincide in the same individual organism and within minutes? We review occluding junctions (tight and septate) as well as the polarized distribution of Na+-K+-ATPase both at the molecular and the cell level. Junctions and polarity depend on hosts of molecular species and cellular processes, which are briefly reviewed whenever they are suspected to have played a role in the dawn of epithelia and metazoan. We come to the conclusion that most of the molecules needed were already present in early protozoan and discuss a few plausible alternatives to solve the riddle described above.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Cereijido, Center For Research and Advanced Studies, Dept. of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Código Postal 07360, México D.F., Mexico (E-mail: cereijido{at}fisio.cinvestav.mx)

1 For a vignette on the development of this model system, see Current Contents 32: 46, 1989 and Physiologist 46: 114–115, 2003.




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