| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
AG Molekulare und Zelluläre Neuropharmakologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany; and Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Terlau, Heinrich, and Baldomero M. Olivera. Conus Venoms: A Rich Source of Novel Ion Channel-Targeted Peptides. Physiol Rev 84: 41–68, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00020.2003.—The cone snails (genus Conus) are venomous marine molluscs that use small, structured peptide toxins (conotoxins) for prey capture, defense, and competitor deterrence. Each of the 500 Conus can express 
100 different conotoxins, with little overlap between species. An overwhelming majority of these peptides are probably targeted selectively to a specific ion channel. Because conotoxins discriminate between closely related subtypes of ion channels, they are widely used as pharmacological agents in ion channel research, and several have direct diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Large conotoxin families can comprise hundreds or thousands of different peptides; most families have a corresponding ion channel family target (i.e., 
-conotoxins and Ca channels, 
-conotoxins and nicotinic receptors). Different conotoxin families may have different ligand binding sites on the same ion channel target (i.e., µ-conotoxins and 
-conotoxins to sites 1 and 6 of Na channels, respectively). The individual peptides in a conotoxin family are typically each selectively targeted to a diverse set of different molecular isoforms within the same ion channel family. This review focuses on the targeting specificity of conotoxins and their differential binding to different states of an ion channel.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. Callaghan, A. Haythornthwaite, G. Berecki, R. J. Clark, D. J. Craik, and D. J. Adams Analgesic {alpha}-Conotoxins Vc1.1 and Rg1A Inhibit N-Type Calcium Channels in Rat Sensory Neurons via GABAB Receptor Activation J. Neurosci., October 22, 2008; 28(43): 10943 - 10951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Imperial, P. Chen, A. Sporning, H. Terlau, N. L. Daly, D. J. Craik, P. F. Alewood, and B. M. Olivera Tyrosine-rich Conopeptides Affect Voltage-gated K+ Channels J. Biol. Chem., August 22, 2008; 283(34): 23026 - 23032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Kaas, J.-C. Westermann, R. Halai, C. K. L. Wang, and D. J. Craik ConoServer, a database for conopeptide sequences and structures Bioinformatics, February 1, 2008; 24(3): 445 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-M. Zhang, B. R. Green, P. Catlin, B. Fiedler, L. Azam, A. Chadwick, H. Terlau, J. R. McArthur, R. J. French, J. Gulyas, et al. Structure/Function Characterization of {micro}-Conotoxin KIIIA, an Analgesic, Nearly Irreversible Blocker of Mammalian Neuronal Sodium Channels J. Biol. Chem., October 19, 2007; 282(42): 30699 - 30706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Olivera and R. W. Teichert Diversity of the Neurotoxic Conus Peptides: A Model for Concerted Pharmacological Discovery Mol. Interv., October 1, 2007; 7(5): 251 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Routaboul, C. Norez, P. Melin, M.-C. Molina, B. Boucherle, F. Bossard, S. Noel, R. Robert, C. Gauthier, F. Becq, et al. Discovery of {alpha}-Aminoazaheterocycle-Methylglyoxal Adducts as a New Class of High-Affinity Inhibitors of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2007; 322(3): 1023 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Rosker, B. Lohberger, D. Hofer, B. Steinecker, S. Quasthoff, and W. Schreibmayer The TTX metabolite 4,9-anhydro-TTX is a highly specific blocker of the Nav1.6 voltage-dependent sodium channel Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): C783 - C789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nolting, T. Ferraro, D. D'hoedt, and M. Stocker An Amino Acid Outside the Pore Region Influences Apamin Sensitivity in Small Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2007; 282(6): 3478 - 3486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Olivera Conus Peptides: Biodiversity-based Discovery and Exogenomics J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 2006; 281(42): 31173 - 31177. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Alex, A. J. Baucum, and K. S. Wilcox Effect of Conantokin G on NMDA Receptor-Mediated Spontaneous EPSCs in Cultured Cortical Neurons J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1084 - 1092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-P. Zhang, J. Kauffman, S. K. Yagel, and E. E. Codd High-Throughput Screening for N-Type Calcium Channel Blockers Using a Scintillation Proximity Assay J Biomol Screen, September 1, 2006; 11(6): 672 - 677. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Loughnan, A. Nicke, A. Jones, C. I. Schroeder, S. T. Nevin, D. J. Adams, P. F. Alewood, and R. J. Lewis Identification of a Novel Class of Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists: DIMERIC CONOTOXINS VxXIIA, VxXIIB, and VxXIIC FROM CONUS VEXILLUM J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2006; 281(34): 24745 - 24755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Clark, H. Fischer, S. T. Nevin, D. J. Adams, and D. J. Craik The Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Receptor Specificity of the {alpha}-Conotoxin Vc1.1 J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 23254 - 23263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Kozlov, A. A. Vassilevski, A. V. Feofanov, A. Y. Surovoy, D. V. Karpunin, and E. V. Grishin Latarcins, Antimicrobial and Cytolytic Peptides from the Venom of the Spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) That Exemplify Biomolecular Diversity J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2006; 281(30): 20983 - 20992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Martin-Moutot, P. Mansuelle, G. Alcaraz, R. G. D. Santos, M. N. Cordeiro, M. E. De Lima, M. Seagar, and C. Van Renterghem Phoneutria nigriventer Toxin 1: A Novel, State-Dependent Inhibitor of Neuronal Sodium Channels That Interacts with {micro} Conotoxin Binding Sites Mol. Pharmacol., June 1, 2006; 69(6): 1931 - 1937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Ulens, R. C. Hogg, P. H. Celie, D. Bertrand, V. Tsetlin, A. B. Smit, and T. K. Sixma Structural determinants of selective {alpha}-conotoxin binding to a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor homolog AChBP PNAS, March 7, 2006; 103(10): 3615 - 3620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. West, G. Bulaj, and D. Yoshikami Effects of {delta}-Conotoxins PVIA and SVIE on Sodium Channels in the Amphibian Sympathetic Nervous System J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2005; 94(6): 3916 - 3924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chen, H. L. Puhl III, S.-L. Niu, D. C. Mitchell, and S. R. Ikeda Expression of Rem2, an RGK Family Small GTPase, Reduces N-Type Calcium Current without Affecting Channel Surface Density J. Neurosci., October 19, 2005; 25(42): 9762 - 9772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Ulbricht Sodium Channel Inactivation: Molecular Determinants and Modulation Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1271 - 1301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Clark, H. Fischer, L. Dempster, N. L. Daly, K. J. Rosengren, S. T. Nevin, F. A. Meunier, D. J. Adams, and D. J. Craik Engineering stable peptide toxins by means of backbone cyclization: Stabilization of the {alpha}-conotoxin MII PNAS, September 27, 2005; 102(39): 13767 - 13772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. McIntosh, P. V. Plazas, M. Watkins, M. E. Gomez-Casati, B. M. Olivera, and A. B. Elgoyhen A Novel {alpha}-Conotoxin, PeIA, Cloned from Conus pergrandis, Discriminates between Rat {alpha}9{alpha}10 and {alpha}7 Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors J. Biol. Chem., August 26, 2005; 280(34): 30107 - 30112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Chen, H. Kalbacher, and S. Grunder The Tarantula Toxin Psalmotoxin 1 Inhibits Acid-sensing Ion Channel (ASIC) 1a by Increasing Its Apparent H+ Affinity J. Gen. Physiol., June 27, 2005; 126(1): 71 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bayrhuber, V. Vijayan, M. Ferber, R. Graf, J. Korukottu, J. Imperial, J. E. Garrett, B. M. Olivera, H. Terlau, M. Zweckstetter, et al. Conkunitzin-S1 Is the First Member of a New Kunitz-type Neurotoxin Family: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION J. Biol. Chem., June 24, 2005; 280(25): 23766 - 23770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Verdier, A. Al-Sabi, J. E. F. Rivier, B. M. Olivera, H. Terlau, and T. Carlomagno Identification of a Novel Pharmacophore for Peptide Toxins Interacting with K+ Channels J. Biol. Chem., June 3, 2005; 280(22): 21246 - 21255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Santos, J. M. McIntosh, D. R. Hillyard, L. J. Cruz, and B. M. Olivera The A-superfamily of Conotoxins: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERGENCE J. Biol. Chem., April 23, 2004; 279(17): 17596 - 17606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
